Ethiopia has achieved remarkable progress in maternal and newborn health despite resource limitations. With a maternal mortality ratio of approximately 266.7 deaths per 100,000 live births (down from 1,250 in 1990) and a neonatal mortality rate of approximately 27.1 deaths per 1,000 live births, the country shows significant improvement. Skilled birth attendance has increased dramatically from 6% in 2000 to approximately 50%, though this remains lower than regional averages. Ethiopia's success stems from its innovative Health Extension Program, which deployed over 38,000 community health workers to rural areas, substantially expanding basic maternal services. Despite this progress, geographic and cultural barriers remain significant in a diverse country with over 80 ethnic groups and challenging terrain. Ethiopia continues to address harmful traditional practices, including female genital mutilation and early marriage, which impact maternal outcomes. The country faces ongoing challenges with emergency obstetric care access, particularly in pastoral regions. Recent conflicts in multiple regions, including Tigray and Amhara, have disrupted healthcare services and supply chains, potentially reversing some gains in affected areas.