Pakistan faces significant challenges in maternal and newborn health amid resource constraints and cultural barriers. With a maternal mortality ratio of approximately 154.2 deaths per 100,000 live births and a neonatal mortality rate of approximately 38.8 deaths per 1,000 live births (the world's highest), the country struggles with poor birth outcomes. 68% of births are attended by skilled health personnel, though this drops below 40% in some rural districts. Pakistan faces enormous disparities between urban and rural areas, with women in remote regions of Balochistan and tribal areas experiencing maternal mortality rates up to five times higher than in major cities. The country continues to address cultural barriers to maternal care, including limited female autonomy in healthcare decision-making and strict purdah (female seclusion) practices in conservative areas necessitating female providers. Pakistan has implemented innovative approaches including the Lady Health Worker program, which deploys over 100,000 community health workers providing basic maternal and newborn services to previously unreached communities. The country faces critical challenges with maternal malnutrition, with approximately 42% of pregnant women experiencing anemia. Recent initiatives focus on strengthening emergency obstetric care in district hospitals and expanding midwifery training to address the critical shortage of female providers in rural areas. Security concerns in some regions periodically disrupt maternal services, particularly in areas bordering Afghanistan.